An EORI number is mandatory for most businesses that import or export goods across customs borders. The good news: applying is free, and in many cases you receive your number within days — sometimes instantly. This guide walks you through the application process for the UK and EU.
If you are not sure what an EORI number is, start with our what is an EORI number guide. Already have a number and want to verify it? Use our EORI checker.
Who needs to apply for an EORI number?
You need an EORI number if your business (or you as an individual trader) lodges customs declarations or is identified as the importer or exporter on customs paperwork. This includes:
- Companies importing goods from outside the UK or EU.
- Businesses exporting to non-domestic destinations.
- Sole traders and partnerships trading internationally.
- Freight forwarders and customs agents acting in certain roles.
- Non-UK/EU businesses that submit declarations inside those territories.
You do not usually need an EORI for purely domestic trade within a single customs territory, or for occasional personal imports where the courier handles customs on your behalf.
How to apply for an EORI number in the UK (GB)
UK businesses apply through HMRC on GOV.UK. Since Brexit, GB EORI numbers are issued separately from the EU system.
Step 1: Check whether you already have one
HMRC auto-issued GB EORI numbers to many VAT-registered businesses around Brexit. Before applying, search old HMRC letters, ask your accountant, or try to find your EORI number from existing records.
Step 2: Set up a Government Gateway account
You need a Government Gateway user ID linked to your business (or yourself as a sole trader). If you already file VAT or PAYE online, you likely have one.
Step 3: Complete the online application
Visit the official GOV.UK EORI registration page and complete the form. Have these details ready:
- Business name and registered address.
- VAT registration number (if VAT-registered).
- Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR).
- Company start date.
- National Insurance number (sole traders).
Step 4: Receive your GB EORI number
Most applicants receive their number immediately. In some cases HMRC takes up to five working days. There is no fee.
Step 5: Apply for an XI EORI if needed
If you move goods to or from Northern Ireland under Windsor Framework rules, you may also need an XI EORI number. You must have a GB EORI first, then apply for XI through the same HMRC service.
For a full overview of GB and XI numbers, see our EORI number UK guide.
How to apply for an EORI number in the EU
In the EU you apply once, in the member state where your business is established. That single EORI is valid across all EU countries.
| Country | Issuing authority | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | Generalzolldirektion (BZSt portal) | ELSTER certificate usually required |
| France | Douane / customs portal | Linked to SIRET number |
| Ireland | Revenue Commissioners | Based on company registration |
| Netherlands | Dutch Customs | Often NL + RSIN; may register at first declaration |
| Spain | Agencia Tributaria | NIF-based format |
Visit your national customs or tax authority website and search for "EORI registration" or "EORI application". The process is always free. Format details for each country are in our EORI number format hub.
Documents and information you need
Regardless of country, customs authorities need to verify your identity and link the EORI to a legal entity. Commonly required:
- Company registration number or equivalent business ID.
- VAT or tax identification number.
- Registered business address and contact details.
- Legal form (limited company, sole trader, partnership).
- Authorised signatory details for online portals.
EU countries may require an existing digital identity (e.g. ELSTER in Germany, itsme in Belgium). Check your national portal before starting.
How long does the application take?
UK (GB): Usually instant; up to five working days in edge cases.
EU: Ranges from same-day to several weeks depending on the member state and application volume.
XI (Northern Ireland): Similar to GB — apply after you have your GB number.
Apply well before your first shipment. Customs will reject declarations that reference an unregistered EORI.
Can you trade while waiting for your EORI?
If a freight forwarder or customs broker files declarations in their name, you may be able to ship before your own EORI is active — but most businesses need their own number on commercial invoices and import entries. Do not assume a forwarder’s EORI covers you as the importer of record.
For urgent shipments, contact your carrier and customs agent immediately and confirm who holds the declaration responsibility.
After you receive your EORI number
- Verify it — run your new number through our EORI checker to confirm it is registered and active.
- Share it — give the number to suppliers, freight forwarders, and marketplaces (Amazon, eBay, etc.) that require it for customs.
- Add it to paperwork — include it on commercial invoices, packing lists, and customs declarations. See our format guide for where it goes.
- Keep records — store HMRC or customs confirmation emails securely.
Related guides
Continue with these pages in our EORI cluster.
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